127.0.0.1 Defined in the Internet RFC's
The proper use of 127.0.0.1 is defined in RFC 3330: Special-Use IPv4 Addresses:
127.0.0.0/8 - This block is assigned for use as the Internet host loopback address. A datagram sent by a higher level protocol to an address anywhere within this block should loop back inside the host. This is ordinarily implemented using only 127.0.0.1/32 for loopback, but no addresses within this block should ever appear on any network anywhere.
The IPv6 version of localhost is defined in RFC 3513: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Architecture as ::1/128.
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